If you notice gray earwax on a cotton swab, there are two possible explanations. It could be ambient dust caused by pollution, especially in large cities, or your genetics. Indeed, according to the Hearing Guide by Bruno Frachet and Émilie Vormés, earwax is genetically determined. For example, Asians and Native Americans have gray and dry earwax, while Caucasians and Africans have honey-brown and moist earwax.

If you insert a cotton swab into your ear and earwax containing traces of blood comes out, this indicates the presence of an ear hemorrhage, or bloody discharge from the ear. There are several possible causes, such as vigorous cleaning, a violent shock, an infection such as an ear infection, or even the presence of a tumor. In all cases, prompt medical attention is recommended.

If you notice brown earwax after cleaning your ears, it’s likely due to overproduction of earwax. This means you’re feeling very tired and your body is fighting off invading germs and pathogens. Support your immune system by eating a varied and balanced diet, exercising regularly, staying hydrated, and getting enough sleep.

The presence of black earwax typically indicates overproduction of earwax to fight invading germs or pathogens. However, if it is accompanied by discharge and itching, consult a doctor as it may indicate a fungal infection.